Tag Archives: agricultural accessories

China wholesaler Agricultural Tractor Hot Forging Parts Accessories Forged Alloy Steel Axle Wheel Hub bent axle

Product Description

1
Product:
Name: Agricultural tractor hot forging parts accessories forged alloy steel axle wheel hub      

Material: 42CrMo
Processing: die forging
Surface treatment: Sand blast  
Weight: From .1kg-20kg
Packing: Standard Export Packing
Min order: 1000pcs
Standard: JIS, DIN, ASTM, GB
Customized production is available as your drawings or sample.  
 

Process Die Forging
Material Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel 
Weight 1Kg~20Kg
Heat Treatment Quenching, Annealing,Tempering,Normalizing, Quenching and Tempering
Testing instrument  composition testing Spectrometer, Metallographic microscope
Performance testing Hardness tester, Tensile testing machine
Size Measuring  CMM,Micrometer, Vernier Caliper, Depth Caliper, feeler gauge
Thread Gauge , Height Gauge
Roughness Ra1.6~Ra6.3
Machining Equipment CNC Center , CNC Machines, Turning, Drilling, Milling, boring machine,Grinding Machines,
Wire EDM,Laser Cutting&Welding, Plasma Cutting &Welding, EDM etc.
Quality control Sampling inspection of raw materials and semi-finished products, 100% Inspection of finished products  
Surface Treatment Shot Blast ,  Powder Coating, Polishing, Galvanized , Chrome Plated   
  60000T / Years
Lead Time Normally 30 – 45 Days.
Payment Terms T/T , L/C 
Material Standard ASTM , AISI , DIN , BS, JIS, GB,
Certification ISO9001:2008, IATF16949:2016

2
  Products Quality Control
Quality control involve the inspection and control of incoming materials, production processes, and finished products.
The quality control process includes,
1 First of all, the incoming raw materials with random sampling are analyzed by metallographic microscope to ensure that the chemical composition meets the production requirements
2 Then In the production process, there are QC staffs timely sampling ensure that the products are free of defects in the manufacturing process, and to coordinate and handle any abnormal quality issues may be occurred.
3 The final step of production process is magnetic particle flaw detector of the metal parts to detect it’s hidden crack or other defects.
4 All the finished metal parts is sampled in proportion and sent to the laboratory for various mechanical performance tests and size measurement, and the surface quality is manually 100%  inspected.
The relevant testing equipment pictures are as following:

3
Quality Management System Control:
We strictly carry out system management accordance with iso9001 and ts16949 quality standards. And 5S lean production management is implemented on the production site.
The production management site as following:

4
Company profile
Establis5hed in 2018, HiHangZhou Precision Forging Technology Co., Ltd. is 1 of the subsidiaries of HiHangZhou Group, a globally recognized enterprise Involved in multiple fields of high-end machine and equipment manufacturing. Our company is the expert in forging ,casting and machining metal application solutions for manufacturing industries. 
We provide top-level competitive ferrous metals products and services which are used in the fields of vehicle, rail, power generation, mining and excavation,  forestry and agriculture machinery etc. We have passed ISO/TS16949 quality management system certification in 2571 .
HiHangZhou Precision Forging Technology Co., Ltd. pursue the principle of ” try our best to build the company into an ideal platform for all of employees to achieve our value and to contribute to society”, Through the efficient, positive, responsible, open and innovative team, focusing on our customers’ needs, quick response, continuous improvement,meeting the customers’ requirement for quality, cost, delivery and service and striving to exceed our customers’ expectations. We are striving to be a leading forged metal products provider in the industry.
5
Our Advantages:
Brand
Our parent company, HiHangZhou Group, is a world-renowned high-end machinery manufacturing enterprise with 40 domestic subsidiaries and branches and 8 foreign manufacturing plants. Has long-term experience and good reputation in cooperation with world-renowned enterprises.
Technology
We have a complete production process and equipment research and development capabilities for ferrous metals forming. More than 25 years of production experience in forging equipment and casting equipment manufacturers, make us more thoroughly get  all the performance of each equipment. One-third of our company’s employees are technician and R&D personnel, ensuring that high-quality products are produced with high efficiency.
Service
We can provide custom and standard manufacturing services with multiple manufacturing process integrations. The quality and delivery of products can be fully guaranteed, and the ability to communicate quickly and effectively.
Culture
The unique corporate culture can give full play to the potential of individuals and  provide a strong vitality for the sustainable development of the company.
Social responsibility
Our company strictly implements low-carbon environmental protection, energy-saving and emission-reduction production, and is a benchmark enterprise in local region.

6
Company Culture 

Our Vision
To become 1 of the leading companies

Our Mission
To become a platform for employees to realize their dream
To become 1 of the transforming and upgrading pacemaker of Chinese enterprises
To set the national brands with pride

Our Belief
Strive to build the company into an ideal platform for entrepreneurs to realize their self-worth and contribute to the society

Values
Improvement is innovation, everyone can innovate
innovation inspired and failures tolerated


7
FAQ
1.
Q:  Are you a trading company or a manufacturer?
A:  Obviously we are a manufacturer of forging products, casting products and also have a high level of machining capabilities.

2.
Q:  What series products do your have?
A:  We are mainly engaged in forming processing of ferrous metals, including processing by casting , forging and machining. As you know, such machinery parts can be observed in various industries of equipment manufacturing.

3
Q:  Do you provide samples? is it free?
A:  Yes, we commonly provide samples according to the traditional practice, but we also need customers to provide a freight pay-by-account number to show mutual sincerity of cooperation.

4
Q:  Is OEM available?
A:  Yes, OEM is available.

5
Q:  What’s your quality guarantee?
A: We insist that the survival of the company should depend on the products quality continuous improvement, without which we cannot survive for long. We carry out strictly product quality control for every process from incoming materials, production process to finished products via advanced detection instrument and equipment. We also invite independent third parties to certify our quality and management systems. Till now we have passed ISO/TS16949 and SGS certification .

6
Q.  How  about  the  Packing?
A: We usually use the iron box, or wooden case, also it can be customized according to customer’s demands.

7
Q:  What is your minimum order quantity?
A:  Yes, we require all international orders to have an minimum order quantity. The quantity is up to the exact products feature or property such as the material, weight, construction etc.

8
Q:  What is the lead time?
A:  Generally our forging products and casting products need to make new dies or molds, the time of making new dies or molds and samples within 30-45 days, and the large batch production time within 30-45 days. it’s also according to the parts structural complexity and quantity.

9
Q: What kinds of payment methods do you accept?
A: You can make the payment by T/T or L/C. 30% deposit in advance, 70% balance against the copy of B/L.

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Processing Object: Metal
Molding Style: Forging
Molding Technics: Pressure Casting
Application: Agricultural Machinery Parts
Material: Steel
Heat Treatment: Tempering
Samples:
US$ 30/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

Customization:
Available

|

Customized Request

axle hub

What are the common symptoms of a failing axle hub, and how can they be identified?

Identifying the common symptoms of a failing axle hub is crucial for timely diagnosis and repair. Here’s a detailed explanation of the common symptoms and how they can be identified:

1. Wheel Vibrations:

One of the common symptoms of a failing axle hub is noticeable wheel vibrations. As the hub becomes worn or damaged, it may cause the wheel to wobble or shake while driving. These vibrations can be felt through the steering wheel, floorboard, or seat. To identify this symptom, pay attention to any unusual vibrations that occur, especially at higher speeds.

2. Grinding or Growling Noises:

A failing axle hub can produce grinding or growling noises. This can be an indication of worn-out or damaged wheel bearings within the hub. The noise may vary in intensity, and it is often more pronounced during turns or when the vehicle is in motion. To identify this symptom, listen for any unusual grinding or growling sounds coming from the wheels while driving.

3. Wheel Play or Looseness:

A failing axle hub can result in wheel play or looseness. When the hub is damaged or worn, it may not provide a secure mounting point for the wheel. As a result, the wheel may have excessive play or feel loose when you attempt to wiggle it by hand. To identify this symptom, jack up the vehicle and try to move the wheel in different directions to check for any abnormal movement.

4. Uneven Tire Wear:

A failing axle hub can contribute to uneven tire wear. If the hub is damaged, it can affect the alignment and cause the tire to wear unevenly. Look for signs of abnormal tire wear, such as excessive wear on one side of the tire or feathering patterns. Uneven tire wear may also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as vibrations or pulling to one side while driving.

5. ABS Warning Light:

In some cases, a failing axle hub can trigger the ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) warning light on the vehicle’s dashboard. This can occur if there is a problem with the wheel speed sensor, which is often integrated into the hub assembly. The ABS warning light indicates a fault in the braking system and should be diagnosed using a diagnostic tool by a qualified technician.

6. Visual Inspection:

A visual inspection can also help identify signs of a failing axle hub. Look for any visible damage or wear on the hub, such as cracks, corrosion, or bent flanges. Additionally, check for any leaking grease around the hub or signs of excessive heat, which can indicate bearing failure.

7. Professional Diagnosis:

If you suspect a failing axle hub but are unsure, it is recommended to have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic. They can perform a comprehensive examination of the wheel assembly, including the hub, bearings, and associated components. They may use specialized tools and equipment to measure wheel play, check for bearing wear, and assess the overall condition of the hub.

In summary, common symptoms of a failing axle hub include wheel vibrations, grinding or growling noises, wheel play or looseness, uneven tire wear, ABS warning light activation, and visible damage. It is essential to pay attention to these symptoms and seek professional diagnosis and repair to prevent further damage and ensure the safe operation of the vehicle.

axle hub

Can a worn or damaged wheel bearing impact the performance of an axle hub?

Yes, a worn or damaged wheel bearing can significantly impact the performance of an axle hub. The wheel bearing plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the vehicle and allowing the wheels to rotate smoothly. Here’s a detailed explanation of how a worn or damaged wheel bearing can affect the performance of an axle hub:

  • Wheel rotation: The axle hub, along with the wheel bearing, enables the smooth rotation of the wheel. When the wheel bearing is worn or damaged, it can cause irregular or uneven rotation of the wheel. This can result in vibrations, noise, and an overall rough ride quality.
  • Excessive play: A worn wheel bearing may develop excessive play or looseness. This can cause the wheel to wobble or have noticeable movement when jacked up or when driving. Excessive play in the wheel bearing can affect the vehicle’s stability, handling, and control, making it more difficult to steer accurately.
  • Noise: Worn or damaged wheel bearings often produce noticeable noise. The noise can vary from a low humming or rumbling sound to a high-pitched whining or grinding noise. The noise may become more pronounced when turning or when the vehicle is under load. Ignoring the noise and continuing to drive with a faulty wheel bearing can lead to further damage and potential safety hazards.
  • Heat buildup: A damaged wheel bearing may generate excessive heat due to increased friction and inadequate lubrication. The heat buildup can cause the bearing to expand, leading to further damage and potential failure. Overheated wheel bearings can contribute to premature wear of other components within the axle hub assembly, such as the axle shaft or hub assembly itself.
  • Uneven tire wear: A worn or damaged wheel bearing can result in uneven tire wear. As the wheel doesn’t rotate properly or experiences excessive play, it can cause the tire to wear unevenly. This can lead to premature tire wear on specific areas of the tread, affecting the tire’s performance, lifespan, and overall safety.
  • Reduced fuel efficiency: When a wheel bearing is damaged or worn, it can create additional resistance and drag on the wheel. This increased rolling resistance can have a negative impact on fuel efficiency, causing the vehicle to consume more fuel to maintain speed and overcome the additional resistance. Thus, a faulty wheel bearing can lead to decreased fuel efficiency and increased operating costs.

It’s important to address any signs of a worn or damaged wheel bearing promptly. If you suspect a problem with the wheel bearing or experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it is recommended to have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic or automotive technician. They can assess the condition of the wheel bearing and perform the necessary repairs or replacement to restore the proper performance of the axle hub and ensure safe operation of the vehicle.

In summary, a worn or damaged wheel bearing can have a significant impact on the performance of an axle hub. It can affect wheel rotation, cause excessive play, produce noise, lead to heat buildup, result in uneven tire wear, and reduce fuel efficiency. Prompt inspection and necessary repairs or replacement of a faulty wheel bearing are essential to maintain the optimal performance and safety of the axle hub.

axle hub

What are the torque specifications for securing an axle hub to the vehicle?

The torque specifications for securing an axle hub to the vehicle may vary depending on the specific make, model, and year of the vehicle. It is crucial to consult the manufacturer’s service manual or appropriate technical resources for the accurate torque specifications for your particular vehicle. Here’s a detailed explanation:

  • Manufacturer’s Service Manual: The manufacturer’s service manual is the most reliable and authoritative source for torque specifications. It provides detailed information specific to your vehicle, including the recommended torque values for various components, such as the axle hub. The service manual may specify different torque values for different vehicle models or configurations. You can usually obtain the manufacturer’s service manual from the vehicle manufacturer’s official website or through authorized dealerships.
  • Technical Resources: In addition to the manufacturer’s service manual, there are other technical resources available that provide torque specifications. These resources may include specialized automotive repair guides, online databases, or torque specification charts. Reputable automotive websites, professional repair manuals, or automotive forums dedicated to your vehicle’s make or model can be valuable sources for finding accurate torque specifications.
  • Online Databases: Some websites offer online databases or torque specification tools that allow you to search for specific torque values based on your vehicle’s make, model, and year. These databases compile torque specifications from various sources and provide a convenient way to access the required information. However, it’s important to verify the accuracy and reliability of the source before relying on the provided torque values.
  • Manufacturer Recommendations: In certain cases, the manufacturer may provide torque specifications on the packaging or documentation that accompanies the replacement axle hub. If you are using an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or aftermarket axle hub, it is advisable to check any provided documentation for torque recommendations specific to that particular product.

Regardless of the source you use to obtain torque specifications, it is essential to follow the recommended values precisely. Torque specifications are specified to ensure proper tightening and secure attachment of the axle hub to the vehicle. Over-tightening or under-tightening can lead to issues such as damage to components, improper seating, or premature wear. It is recommended to use a reliable torque wrench to achieve the specified torque values accurately.

In summary, the torque specifications for securing an axle hub to the vehicle depend on the specific make, model, and year of the vehicle. The manufacturer’s service manual, technical resources, online databases, and manufacturer recommendations are valuable sources to obtain accurate torque specifications. It is crucial to follow the recommended torque values precisely to ensure proper installation and avoid potential issues.

China wholesaler Agricultural Tractor Hot Forging Parts Accessories Forged Alloy Steel Axle Wheel Hub   bent axleChina wholesaler Agricultural Tractor Hot Forging Parts Accessories Forged Alloy Steel Axle Wheel Hub   bent axle
editor by CX 2024-01-16

China best Made in China Hot Die Forging Alloy Steel Agricultural Machinery Accessories Rear Axle Wheel Hub with Hot selling

Product Description

1
Products 
Name: Made in china hot die forging alloy steel agricultural machinery accessories rear axle wheel hub
Material: 40CrMo
Weight: From .2kg-10kg
Packing: standard export packing
Min order: 100pcs
Customized production is available as your drawings or sample. 
 

Process Die Forging
Material Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel 
Weight 0.1Kg~20Kg
Heat Treatment Quenching, Annealing,Tempering,Normalizing, Quenching and Tempering
Testing instrument  composition testing Spectrometer, Metallographic microscope
Performance testing Hardness tester, Tensile testing machine
Size Measuring  CMM,Micrometer, Vernier Caliper, Depth Caliper, feeler gauge
Thread Gauge , Height Gauge
Roughness Ra1.6~Ra6.3
Machining Equipment CNC Center , CNC Machines, Turning, Drilling, Milling, boring machine,Grinding Machines,
Wire EDM,Laser Cutting&Welding, Plasma Cutting &Welding, EDM etc.
Quality control Sampling inspection of raw materials and semi-finished products, 100% Inspection of finished products  
Surface Treatment Shot Blast ,  Powder Coating, Polishing, Galvanized , Chrome Plated   
Production Capacity 60000T / Years
Lead Time Normally 30 – 45 Days.
Payment Terms T/T , L/C 
Material Standard ASTM , AISI , DIN , BS, JIS, GB,
Certification ISO9001:2008, IATF16949:2016

2
 Products Quality Control
Quality control involve the inspection and control of incoming materials, production processes, and finished products.
The quality control process includes,
1 First of all, the incoming raw materials with random sampling are analyzed by metallographic microscope to ensure that the chemical composition meets the production requirements
2 Then In the production process, there are QC staffs timely sampling ensure that the products are free of defects in the manufacturing process, and to coordinate and handle any abnormal quality issues may be occurred.
3 The final step of production process is magnetic particle flaw detector of the metal parts to detect it’s hidden crack or other defects.
4 All the finished metal parts is sampled in proportion and sent to the laboratory for various mechanical performance tests and size measurement, and the surface quality is manually 100%  inspected.
The relevant testing equipment pictures are as following:

3
Quality Management System Control:
We strictly carry out system management accordance with iso9001 and ts16949 quality standards. And 5S lean production management is implemented on the production site.
The production management site as following:

4
Our Advantages:
1 We have a complete production process and equipment research and development capabilities for non-ferrous metal forming. Over 25 years of production experience of forging equipment and casting equipment make us own deep level understanding and operating of all equipments’ performance and running.
2 Our parent company, HiHangZhou Group, is a world-renowned high-end machinery manufacturing enterprise with more than 30 domestic subsidiaries and branches.  The sales volume of 4 products ranks No1 nationwide and even worldwide, providing us with a strong technical and financial support.
3 One-third of over 300 staff are technical technical R&D members, ensuring the continuous technical innovation and the sustainable development of our company.
4 Our company implements the employee stock ownership system of company shares Increasing members’ sense of responsibility, creativity and work motivation.
5 The company  is a model enterprise in the region of low-carbon environmental protection, and energy saving and emission reduction in reduction.
6 Unique company culture, and the regular rotation of individual work position give full play to the potential of talents and provide strong vitality for the development of the company.
7 Our Service:
A. Customized and Standard Manufacturing Service
B. A variety of Manufacturing Process Integration
C. Quality and Delivery Time Guaranteed
D. Effective Communication Ability

5
Company Culture 

Our Vision
To become 1 of the leading companies

Our Mission
To become a platform for employees to realize their dream
To become 1 of the transforming and upgrading pacemaker of Chinese enterprises
To set the national brands with pride

Our Belief
Strive to build the company into an ideal platform for entrepreneurs to realize their self-worth and contribute to the society

Values
Improvement is innovation, everyone can innovate
innovation inspired and failures tolerated

6
FAQ
1.
Q:  Are you a trading company or a manufacturer?
A:  Obviously we are a manufacturer of forging products, casting products and also have a high level of machining capabilities.

2.
Q:  What series products do your have?
A:  We are mainly engaged in forming processing of non-ferrous metals, including processing by casting , forging and machining. As you know, such machinery parts can be observed in various industries of equipment manufacturing.

3
Q:  Do you provide samples? is it free?
A:  Yes, we commonly provide samples according to the traditional practice, but we also need customers to provide a freight pay-by-account number to show mutual sincerity of cooperation.

4
Q:  Is OEM available?
A:  Yes, OEM is available.

5
Q:  What’s your quality guarantee?
A: We insist that the survival of the company should depend on the products quality continuous improvement, without which we cannot survive for long. We carry out strictly product quality control for every process from incoming materials, production process to finished products via advanced detection instrument and equipment. We also invite independent third parties to certify our quality and management systems. Till now we have passed ISO/TS16949 and SGS certification .

6
Q.  How  about  the  Packing?
A: We usually use the iron box, or wooden case, also it can be customized according to customer’s demands.

7
Q:  What is your minimum order quantity?
A:  Yes, we require all international orders to have an minimum order quantity. The quantity is up to the exact products feature or property such as the material, weight, construction etc.

8
Q:  What is the lead time?
A:  Generally our forging products and casting products need to make new dies or molds, the time of making new dies or molds and samples within 30-45 days, and the large batch production time within 30-45 days. it’s also according to the parts structural complexity and quantity.

9
Q: What kinds of payment methods do you accept?
A: You can make the payment by T/T or L/C. 30% deposit in advance, 70% balance against the copy of B/L.

 

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

China best Made in China Hot Die Forging Alloy Steel Agricultural Machinery Accessories Rear Axle Wheel Hub   with Hot sellingChina best Made in China Hot Die Forging Alloy Steel Agricultural Machinery Accessories Rear Axle Wheel Hub   with Hot selling